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Transistor Physics for Hardware Engineers

7 chapters · 30 lessons

1. 1. Transistor Fundamentals and Electrostatic Control

   4 lessons

   Build intuition for how transistors switch current and why electrostatic control determines performance.

2. 2. Leakage, Threshold Voltage, and Scaling Limits

   5 lessons

   Understand why shrinking transistors leak current and how threshold voltage governs on/off states.

3. 3. FinFET Architecture and Three-Dimensional Gates

   4 lessons

   Learn how raising the channel into a fin improves gate control and extends Moore's Law.

4. 4. Gate-All-Around Transistors and Nanosheet Devices

   5 lessons

   Explore how surrounding the channel with gate material maximizes electrostatic control.

5. 5. Performance Metrics and Process Node Evaluation

   4 lessons

   Interpret datasheets and foundry specs to compare transistor performance across nodes.

6. 6. System-Level Implications for Chip Design

   4 lessons

   Connect transistor physics to power budgets, thermal limits, and logic density.

7. 7. Future Device Architectures and Material Innovations

   4 lessons

   Survey emerging transistor concepts and materials that extend scaling beyond gate-all-around.