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Memory Systems for Hardware and Software Engineers

7 chapters · 33 lessons

1. 1. DRAM Fundamentals: From Capacitor to Memory Array

   4 lessons

   Understand how DRAM stores bits as charge, why refresh is necessary, and how cells organize into banks and arrays.

2. 2. Memory Timing: Bandwidth, Latency, and Access Patterns

   5 lessons

   Learn the difference between bandwidth and latency, how timing parameters constrain performance, and when each matters most.

3. 3. Memory Standards and Interface Design

   5 lessons

   Compare DDR, LPDDR, GDDR, and HBM standards and understand how electrical signaling and packaging affect real-world performance.

4. 4. Memory Hierarchy and Cache Interaction

   4 lessons

   Explore how CPU caches, memory controllers, and DRAM work together and where performance bottlenecks emerge.

5. 5. Profiling and Diagnosing Memory Bottlenecks

   5 lessons

   Use profiling tools and system metrics to identify when memory bandwidth, latency, or capacity limits application performance.

6. 6. Optimizing Software for Memory Performance

   5 lessons

   Design cache-friendly algorithms, data structures, and access patterns that reduce memory stalls and improve throughput.

7. 7. Memory Requirements Across Workload Types

   5 lessons

   Match memory specifications to application needs for AI inference, databases, real-time systems, and high-performance computing.